Novel amide derivative and whitening agent

ABSTRACT

Compound represented by formula (I): 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
         
         
           
             wherein the symbols are as defined in the description, and salts thereof, are useful as skin whitening agents.

CROSS REFERENCES TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of International Patent ApplicationNo. PCT/JP2010/055162, filed on Mar. 25, 2010, and claims priority toJapanese Patent Application No. 2009-075006, filed on Mar. 25, 2009,both of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entireties.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

The present invention relates to novels compound having a melaninproduction suppressive activity. The present invention also relates tothe use of such a compound in the field of cosmetics.

2. Discussion of the Background

Hydroquinone glycoside (arbutin) is known to have various effects suchas a whitening effect, tyrosinase inhibitory activity, suppression ofactive oxygen, and the like (see Funayama, M., Arakawa, H., Yamamoto,R., Nishino, T., Shin, T. and Murao, S., “Effect of α- and β-arubutin onactivity of tyrosinases from mushroom, and mouse melanoma,” Biosci.Biotech. Biochem., vol. p. 59, 143-144 (1995)), and is used as aningredient for whitening cosmetics. In addition, kojic acid or aderivative thereof and 4-n-butylresorcinol (Rucinol (registered trademark)) are also known as whitening components (see Kouji Miyazaki,Yumiko Nishida, Minoru Itioka, “Inhibitory Effects of MelanogenicInhibitors on Dendricity of Cultured B16 Mouse Melanoma Cells,” Journalof Japanese Cosmetic Science Society, vol. 22, No. 3, pp. 182-186(1998); Kiyoharu Sugiyama, “Evaluation of novel whitening agent—Rucinol(Shinki bihakuzai no hyouka—Rucinol ni tsuite),” The Journal of JapanHair Science Association, vol. 30, No. 3, pp. 2-6 (1998); and Dong-SeokKIM, So-Young KIM, Seo-Hyoung PARK, Yeong-Gon CHOI, Sun-Bang KWON,Myo-Kyoung KIM, Jung-Im Na, Sang-Woong YOUN, and Kyoung-Chan PARK,“Inhibitory Effects of 4-n-Butylresorcinol on Tyrosinase Activity andMelanin Synthesis,” Biol. Pharm. Bull., vol. 28 (12), pp. 2216-2219(2005)), and whitening cosmetics containing such components arecommercially available. In recent years, prevention of sunburn due toultraviolet rays to keep the skin white and beautiful is receivingincreasing attention, and the development of a further whiteningcomponent is desired.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Accordingly, it is one object of the present invention to provide novelcompound having a melanin production suppressive activity, and the like.

It is another object of the present invention to provide novel cosmeticswhich contain such a compound.

These and other objects, which will become apparent during the followingdetailed description, have been achieved by the inventors' discovery ofnovel compounds which have a melanin production suppressive activity,and the like.

Thus, the present invention provides the following:

(1) A compound represented by the following formula (I):

wherein R₁, R₂, R₃, R₄ and R₅ are each independently a hydrogen atom, analkyl group having a carbon number of 1 to 3, a hydroxyl group or analkoxy group having a carbon number of 1 to 3, or R₁ and R₂, or R₂ andR₃ in combination optionally form a methylenedioxy group;X is a covalent bond, a methylene group, an ethylene group or a vinylenegroup;Y is a covalent bond or a divalent group represented by the formula:

Z is a hydrogen atom, a hydroxycarbonyl group or an alkoxycarbonyl grouphaving a carbon number of 1 to 3, and when Z is other than a hydrogenatom and a carbon atom bonded to Z contains an asymmetric center, thestereochemistry thereof may be any of (S), (R) and (SR);Ar is a substituent represented by the following formula (II):

wherein R₆ and R₇ are each independently a hydrogen atom, an alkyl grouphaving a carbon number of 1 to 3, a hydroxyl group or an alkoxy grouphaving a carbon number of 1 to 3, and * is a moiety bonded to Y, orthe following formula (III):

wherein R₈ and R₉ are each independently a hydrogen atom, an alkyl grouphaving a carbon number of 1 to 3, a hydroxyl group or an alkoxy grouphaving a carbon number of 1 to 3, or R₈ and R₉ in combination optionallyform a methylenedioxy group, and * is a moiety bonded to Y;provided that the following compounds are excluded:

(1) a compound wherein, when Ar is a substituent represented by theformula (II), X is a vinylene group, Y is an ethylene group, R₁, R₂, R₅and R₇ are hydrogen atoms, and R₆ is a hydroxyl group, then R₃ is ahydroxyl group and R₄ is a hydrogen atom, or R₃ is a hydroxyl group andR₄ is a methoxy group, or R₃ and R₄ are hydroxyl groups, or R₃ is amethoxy group and R₄ is a hydroxyl group, or R₃ is a methoxy group andR₄ is a hydrogen atom;

(2) a compound wherein, when Ar is a substituent represented by theformula (II), X is a vinylene group, Y is an ethylene group, and R₁, R₂,R₅, R₆ and R₇ are hydrogen atoms, then R₃ is a hydroxyl group and R₄ isa hydrogen atom, or R₃ is a methoxy group and R₄ is a hydrogen atom, orR₃ and R₄ are hydroxyl groups, or R₃ is a hydroxyl group and R₄ is amethoxy group;

(3) a compound wherein, when Ar is a substituent represented by theformula (II), X is a vinylene group, Y is an ethylene group, R₁, R₂, R₅and R₇ are hydrogen atoms, and R₆ is a methoxy group, then R₃ is ahydroxyl group and R₄ is a hydrogen atom, or R₃ is a methoxy group andR₄ is a hydrogen atom, or R₃ and R₄ are hydrogen atoms;

(4) a compound wherein, when Ar is a substituent represented by theformula (II), X is a covalent bond, Y is an ethylene group, R₁, R₂, R₅and R₇ are hydrogen atoms, and R₆ is a hydroxyl group, then R₃ and R₄are hydroxyl groups, or R₃ is a hydroxyl group and R₄ is a methoxygroup, or R₃ and R₄ are hydrogen atoms, or R₃ is a methoxy group and R₄is a hydrogen atom; and

(5) a compound wherein Ar is a substituent represented by the formula(III), Y is an ethylene group, and one or both of R₈ and R₉ is/are ahydrogen atom(s);

or a salt thereof.

(2) A compound represented by the following formula (IV):

wherein R₁, R₂, R₃, R₄, R₅, R₆ and R₇ are each independently a hydrogenatom, an alkyl group having a carbon number of 1 to 3, a hydroxyl groupor an alkoxy group having a carbon number of 1 to 3, or R₁ and R₂, or R₂and R₃ in combination optionally form a methylenedioxy group;X is a methylene group, an ethylene group or a vinylene group;Z is a hydrogen atom, a hydroxycarbonyl group or an alkoxycarbonyl grouphaving a carbon number of 1 to 3; and when Z is other than a hydrogenatom, the stereochemistry of a carbon atom bonded to Z may be any of(S), (R) and (SR); provided that the following compounds are excluded:

(1) a compound wherein, when X is a vinylene group, Z is a hydrogenatom, R₁, R₂, R₅ and R₇ are hydrogen atoms, and R₆ is a hydroxyl group,then R₃ is a hydroxyl group and R₄ is a hydrogen atom, or R₃ is ahydroxyl group and R₄ is a methoxy group, or R₃ and R₄ are hydroxylgroups, or R₃ is a methoxy group and R₄ is a hydroxyl group, or R₃ is amethoxy group and R₄ is a hydrogen atom;

(2) a compound wherein, when X is a vinylene group, Z is a hydrogenatom, and R₁, R₂, R₅, R₆ and R₇ are hydrogen atoms, then R₃ is ahydroxyl group and R₄ is a hydrogen atom, or R₃ is a methoxy group andR₄ is a hydrogen atom, or R₃ and R₄ are hydroxyl groups, or R₃ is ahydroxyl group and R₄ is a methoxy group; and

(3) a compound wherein, when X is a vinylene group, Z is a hydrogenatom, R₁, R₂, R₅ and R₇ are hydrogen atoms, and R₆ is a methoxy group,then R₃ is a hydroxyl group and R₄ is a hydrogen atom, or R₃ is amethoxy group and R₄ is a hydrogen atom, or R₃ and R₄ are hydrogenatoms;

or a salt thereof.

(3) A compound represented by the following formula (V):

wherein R₁, R₂, R₃, R₄, R₅, R₆ and R₇ are each independently a hydrogenatom, an alkyl group having a carbon number of 1 to 3, a hydroxyl groupor an alkoxy group having a carbon number of 1 to 3, or R₁ and R₂, or R₂and R₃ in combination optionally form a methylenedioxy group;Z is a hydrogen atom, a hydroxycarbonyl group or an alkoxycarbonyl grouphaving a carbon number of 1 to 3, and when Z is other than a hydrogenatom, the stereochemistry of a carbon atom bonded to Z may be any of(S), (R) and (SR),provided that the following compound is excluded: a compound wherein,when Z is a hydrogen atom, R₁, R₂, R₅ and R₇ are hydrogen atoms, and R₆is a hydroxyl group, then R₃ and R₄ are hydroxyl groups, or R₃ is ahydroxyl group and R₄ is a methoxy group, or R₃ and R₄ are hydrogenatoms, or R₃ is a methoxy group and R₄ is a hydrogen atom; or a saltthereof.

(4) A compound represented by the following formula (VI):

wherein R₁, R₂, R₃, R₄ and R₅ are each independently a hydrogen atom, analkyl group having a carbon number of 1 to 3, a hydroxyl group or analkoxy group having a carbon number of 1 to 3, or R₁ and R₂, or R₂ andR₃ in combination optionally form a methylenedioxy group;X is a covalent bond, a methylene group, an ethylene group or a vinylenegroup;Y is a covalent bond or a divalent group represented by the formula:

Z is a hydrogen atom, a hydroxycarbonyl group or an alkoxycarbonyl grouphaving a carbon number of 1 to 3, and when Z is other than a hydrogenatom and a carbon atom bonded to Z contains an asymmetric center, thestereochemistry thereof may be any of (S), (R) and (SR);R₈ and R₉ are each independently a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group havinga carbon number of 1 to 3, a hydroxyl group or an alkoxy group having acarbon number of 1 to 3, or R₈ and R₉ in combination optionally form amethylenedioxy group,provided that the following compound is excluded: a compound wherein Yis an ethylene group, and one or both of R₈ and R₉ is/are a hydrogenatom(s); or a salt thereof.

(5) A whitening agent, comprising a compound represented by thefollowing formula (I′):

wherein R₁, R₂, R₃, R₄ and R₅ are each independently a hydrogen atom, analkyl group having a carbon number of 1 to 3, a hydroxyl group or analkoxy group having a carbon number of 1 to 3, or R₁ and R₂, or R₂ andR₃ in combination optionally form a methylenedioxy group;X is a covalent bond, a methylene group, an ethylene group or a vinylenegroup;Y is a covalent bond or a divalent group represented by the formula:

Z is a hydrogen atom, a hydroxycarbonyl group or an alkoxycarbonyl grouphaving a carbon number of 1 to 3, and when Z is other than a hydrogenatom and a carbon atom bonded to Z contains an asymmetric center, thestereochemistry thereof may be any of (S), (R) and (SR);Ar is a substituent represented by the following formula (II):

wherein R₆ and R₇ are each independently a hydrogen atom, an alkyl grouphaving a carbon number of 1 to 3, a hydroxyl group or an alkoxy grouphaving a carbon number of 1 to 3, and * is a moiety bonded to Y, orthe following formula (III):

wherein R₈ and R₉ are each independently a hydrogen atom, an alkyl grouphaving a carbon number of 1 to 3, a hydroxyl group or an alkoxy grouphaving a carbon number of 1 to 3, or R₈ and R₉ in combination optionallyform a methylenedioxy group, and * is a moiety bonded to Y;provided that the following compounds are excluded:

(1) a compound wherein, when Ar is a substituent represented by theformula (II), X is a vinylene group, Y is an ethylene group, R₁, R₂, R₅and R₇ are hydrogen atoms, and R₆ is a hydroxyl group, then R₃ is ahydroxyl group and R₄ is a hydrogen atom, or R₃ is a hydroxyl group andR₄ is a methoxy group, or R₃ and R₄ are hydroxyl groups;

(2) a compound wherein, when Ar is a substituent represented by theformula (II), X is a vinylene group, Y is an ethylene group, and R₁, R₂,R₅, R₆ and R₇ are hydrogen atoms, then R₃ and R₄ are hydroxyl groups;

(3) a compound wherein, when Ar is a substituent represented by theformula (II), X is a covalent bond, Y is an ethylene group, R₁, R₂, R₅and R₇ are hydrogen atoms, and R₆ is a hydroxyl group, then R₃ and R₄are hydroxyl groups, or R₃ is a hydroxyl group and R₄ is a methoxygroup, or R₃ and R₄ are hydrogen atoms; and

(4) a compound wherein Ar is a substituent represented by the formula(III), Y is an ethylene group, R₁, R₂, R₅ and R₈ are hydrogen atoms, andR₃, R₄ and R₉ are hydroxyl groups;

or a salt thereof.

(6) A whitening agent comprising the compound of any of theaforementioned (1) to (4) or a salt thereof.

The compounds of the present invention are expected to exhibit awhitening action through a melanin production suppressive activity, andcan be utilized as a whitening agent by itself or in combination withother whitening components.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

A more complete appreciation of the invention and many of the attendantadvantages thereof will be readily obtained as the same become betterunderstood by reference to the following detailed description whenconsidered in connection with the accompanying drawings, wherein:

FIG. 1 is a graph showing the results of Experimental example 1. In thegraph, the unit of the values on the horizontal axis is μM.

FIG. 2 is a graph showing the results of Experimental example 1. In thegraph, the unit of the values on the horizontal axis is μM.

FIG. 3 is a graph showing the results of Experimental example 1. In thegraph, the unit of the values on the horizontal axis is μM.

FIG. 4 is a graph showing the results of Experimental example 1. In thegraph, the unit of the values on the horizontal axis is μM.

FIG. 5 is a graph showing the results of Experimental example 1. In thegraph, the unit of the values on the horizontal axis is μM.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

The definitions of the symbols in each formula used in the presentspecification are explained.

Examples of the alkyl group having a carbon number of 1 to 3 for R₁, R₂,R₃, R₄, R₅, R₆, R₇, R₈ or R₉ include a methyl group, an ethyl group, apropyl group and an isopropyl group. Of these, a methyl group ispreferable.

Examples of the alkoxy group having a carbon number of 1 to 3 for R₁,R₂, R₃, R₄, R₅, R₈, R₇, R₈ or R₉ include a methoxy group, an ethoxygroup, a propoxy group and an isopropoxy group. Of these, a methoxygroup or an ethoxy group is preferable, and a methoxy group is morepreferable.

The alkoxycarbonyl group having a carbon number of 1 to 3 means thosecompounds in which the alkoxy moiety has a carbon number of 1 to 3.Examples of the alkoxycarbonyl group having a carbon number of 1 to 3for Z include a methoxycarbonyl group, an ethoxycarbonyl group, apropoxycarbonyl group, and an isopropoxycarbonyl group. Of these, amethoxycarbonyl group is preferable.

That the “stereochemistry may be any of (S), (R) and (SR)” means it maybe any of (S) form, (R) form, and a racemate which is a mixture ofequivalent amounts of (S) form and (R) form.

X is preferably a covalent bond, an ethylene group or a vinylene group.

Y is preferably a divalent group represented by the formula

wherein Z is as described above, more preferably a divalent grouprepresented by the formula

wherein Z is as described above, and still more preferably an ethylenegroup.

Preferably, R₁, R₂, R₃, R₄ and R₅ are each independently a hydrogenatom, a hydroxyl group or an alkoxy group having a carbon number of 1 to3, or R₁ and R₂, or R₂ and R₃ in combination optionally form amethylenedioxy group.

At least one (preferably 1 to 3, more preferably 1 or 2) of R₁, R₂, R₃,R₄ and R₅ is preferably a hydroxyl group, and R₃ is more preferably ahydroxyl group. On the other hand, when X is a covalent bond, R₁ and R₅are preferably hydroxyl groups.

Preferably, R₆ and R₇ are each independently a hydrogen atom, a hydroxylgroup or an alkoxy group having a carbon number of 1 to 3. Morepreferably, R₆ is a hydrogen atom, a hydroxyl group or an alkoxy grouphaving a carbon number of 1 to 3, and R₇ is a hydrogen atom. Still morepreferably, R₆ is a hydroxyl group and R₇ is a hydrogen atom.

Preferably, R₈ and R₉ are each independently a hydrogen atom, a hydroxylgroup or an alkoxy group having a carbon number of 1 to 3. Morepreferably, R₈ and R₉ are each independently a hydroxyl group or analkoxy group having a carbon number of 1 to 3.

Preferable examples of the compound represented by the formula (I′)include the compounds of Examples 1 to 36 to be mentioned below. Inaddition, preferable examples of the compound represented by the formula(I) include the compounds of Examples 1, 4, 5, 6 to 10, 14 to 23, and 25to 36 to be mentioned below.

Examples of the salt of the compound represented by the formula (I),(I′), (IV), (V) or (VI) include salts with inorganic acids (e.g.,hydrochloride, hydrobromide, sulfate, nitrate, phosphate, and the like);salts with organic acids (e.g., formate, acetate, trifluoroacetate,maleate, tartrate, citrate, fumarate, methanesulfonate,benzenesulfonate, p-toluenesulfonate, and the like); salts with acidicor basic amino acids (e.g., aspartic acid, glutamic acid, arginine,lysine, ornithine, and the like); salts with inorganic bases [forexample, salts with metal (alkaline metal such as potassium, sodium, andthe like; alkaline earth metal such as calcium, magnesium, and the like;aluminum), ammonium salt and the like]; and salts with organic bases(e.g., trimethylamine, triethylamine, pyridine, picoline, ethanolamine,diethanolamine, triethanolamine, dicyclohexylamine,N,N′-dibenzylethylenediamine, and the like). As the above-mentionedsalt, pharmacologically acceptable salts are preferably used.

The compound of the present invention represented by the followingformula (I) is obtained by reacting an amine component with a carboxylicacid component or an acid chloride thereof. In the following, aproduction method of a compound represented by the formula (I)(hereinafter to be also referred to as compound (I)) is explained.

wherein R₁-R₅, Ar, X and Y are as described above.

Production Method of Compound (I).

A compound represented by the formula (I) can be produced by (i)subjecting amine component (VII) and carboxylic acid component (VIII) toa condensation reaction using a dehydrating-condensing agent, or (ii)once converting carboxylic acid component (VIII) to acid chloride (IX),and subjecting the compound and amine component (VII) to a condensationreaction in the presence of a base. In this case, compound (I) can beobtained by protecting a hydroxyl group and the like with a protectinggroup, and removing the protecting group after the condensationreaction, where necessary.

wherein Ar and Y are as described above.

wherein R₁-R₅ and X are as described above.

wherein R₁-R₅ and X are as described above.

While a production method of (i) is explained in detail in thefollowing, the method is not limited thereto.

Amine component (VII) may be a salt such as hydrochloride,p-toluenesulfonate and the like, and carboxylic acid component (VIII)may be a salt such as dicyclohexylamine salt and the like. When aminecomponent (VII) is a salt, the reaction can be carried out by adding abase such as triethylamine and the like during the condensationreaction. While the ratio of amine component (VII) and carboxylic acidcomponent (VIII) to be used is not limited, 0.8 to 1.2 equivalents ofcarboxylic acid component (VIII) may be used relative to 1 equivalent ofamine component (VII) to achieve a reaction in a good yield.

The solvent to be used is not particularly limited as long as it doesnot react with amine component (VII) and carboxylic acid component(VIII) and, for example, dichloromethane (DCM), N,N-dimethylformamide(DMF), chloroform, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP),and a mixed solvent thereof can be used. Of these, dichloromethane andN,N-dimethylformamide are preferable. The amount of the solvent is 10-to 500-fold weight, preferably 15- to 100-fold weight, relative to aminecomponent (VII).

As a dehydrating-condensing agent, a general condensing agent used forpeptide synthesis and the like may be used and, for example,N,N′-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC),1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDCI.HCl),2-(1H-benzotriazol-1-yl)-1,1,3,3-tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate(HBTU), and the like can be used. In this case, a condensationaccelerator such as 1-hydroxybenzotriazole (HOBt) and the like may beused. The amount of the dehydrating-condensing agent to be used is 1.0to 2.0 equivalents, preferably 1.05 to 1.20 equivalents, relative toamine component (VII). The amount of the condensation accelerator to beused is 0.5 to 3.0 equivalents, preferably 1.0 to 1.5 equivalents,relative to amine component (VII).

The reaction time is preferably about 3 to 24 hr, depending on thereaction temperature, which is preferably 5 to 35° C.

The obtained compound (I) can be isolated and purified according to aconventional method. For example, when compound (I) is purified bycrystallization, ethyl acetate, ethanol, methanol, diethyl ether,chloroform, dichloromethane, n-hexane and a mixed solvent thereof can beused as a solvent. As a purification method by chromatography,preparative thin-layer chromatography (PTLC) or silica gel columnchromatography can be used. As an eluent therefor, the solvents recitedearlier as the crystallization solvent can be used.

Acid chloride (IX) to be used in the production method of (ii) can beobtained by reacting carboxylic acid component (VIII) with oxalylchloride or thionyl chloride according to a conventional method. Acidchloride (IX) can be reacted with amine component (VII) in the presenceof a base such as triethylamine, sodium hydroxide, and the like. Whilethe ratio of amine component (VII) and acid chloride (IX) is notlimited, 0.8 to 1.2 equivalents of acid chloride (IX) may be usedrelative to 1 equivalent of amine component (VII) to achieve a reactionin a good yield. The amount of the base to be used is 0.8 to 3.0equivalents, preferably 1.0 to 1.5 equivalents, relative to aminecomponent (VII). As the solvent to be used, those recited as thesolvents to be used in the aforementioned production method of (i) canbe used. The reaction time and the reaction temperature are the same asthose in the production method of (i).

The thus-obtained compound of the present invention or a salt thereofcan be provided as a whitening agent. The whitening agent of the presentinvention contains the compound of the present invention or a saltthereof, and can be added to whitening cosmetics singly or incombination with other whitening components. Other whitening componentspermitting combination with the whitening agent of the present inventionare not particularly limited, and those having at least any of thetyrosinase activity inhibitory action, anti-inflammatory action,antioxidant action (including superoxide dismutase-like action), andexcitometabolic action, which are said to be related to a whiteningaction, can be mentioned.

When the whitening agent of the present invention is added to whiteningcosmetics, it can be used in combination with components generally usedas starting materials for cosmetics, for example, flavor, preservative,chelate compound, polyol, plant extract (herbal medicine extract) andthe like.

Other features of the invention will become apparent in the course ofthe following descriptions of exemplary embodiments which are given forillustration of the invention and are not intended to be limitingthereof.

EXAMPLES

In the following Production Examples, the structures of the synthesizedcompounds were identified by nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum (BrukerAVANCE 400).

Example 1

Serotonin hydrochloride (300 mg, 1.41 mmol) and trans-cinnamic acid (208mg, 1.41 mmol) were dissolved in a mixed solvent of dichloromethane (6ml) and N,N-dimethylformamide (6 ml), and the solution was maintained at0° C. To this solution were added triethylamine (216 μl, 1.55 mmol),1-hydroxybenzotriazole hydrate (HOBt H₂O, 237 mg, 1.55 mmol), and1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDCI HCl,297 mg, 1.55 mmol), and the mixture was gradually warmed to roomtemperature and stirred at room temperature for 16 hours. The solventwas removed under reduced pressure, water (10 ml) was added to theresidue, and the mixture was extracted twice with ethyl acetate (10 ml).The ethyl acetate layer was washed twice with 5% aqueous citric acidsolution (5 ml), once with saturated brine (5 ml), twice with 5% aqueoussodium hydrogen carbonate solution (5 ml), and once with saturated brine(5 ml), and dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. Magnesium sulfatewas removed by filtration, and the filtrate was concentrated underreduced pressure, and purified by preparative thin-layer chromatography(PTLC, eluent: ethyl acetate) to giveN-[2-(5-hydroxy-1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl]-3-phenyl-2-propenamide (217 mg,yield 50.0%) as a viscous oil.

Example 4

Serotonin hydrochloride (300 mg, 1.41 mmol) andtrans-2,4-dihydroxycinnamic acid (253 mg, 1.41 mmol) were dissolved in amixed solvent of dichloromethane (6 ml) and N,N-dimethylformamide (6ml), and the solution was maintained at 0° C. To this solution wereadded triethylamine (216 μl, 1.55 mmol), 1-hydroxybenzotriazole hydrate(HOBt H₂O, 237 mg, 1.55 mmol), and1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDCI HCl,297 mg, 1.55 mmol), and the mixture was gradually warmed to roomtemperature and stirred at room temperature for 16 hours. The solventwas removed under reduced pressure, water (10 ml) was added to theresidue, and the mixture was extracted twice with ethyl acetate (10 ml).The ethyl acetate layer was washed twice with 5% aqueous citric acidsolution (5 ml), once with saturated brine (5 ml), twice with 5% aqueoussodium hydrogen carbonate solution (5 ml), and once with saturated brine(5 ml), and dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. Magnesium sulfatewas removed by filtration, and the filtrate was concentrated underreduced pressure, and purified by preparative thin-layer chromatography(PTLC, eluent: ethyl acetate-n-hexane=2:1, 0.01% formic acid) to giveN-[2-(5-hydroxy-1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl]-3-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-propenamide(243 mg, yield 51.0%) as a viscous oil.

Example 17

3-Methyl-4-hydroxybenzaldehyde (794 mg, 5.83 mmol), malonic acid (911mg, 8.75 mmol) and piperidine (144 μl) were added to pyridine (5 ml),and the mixture was stirred at 60° C. for 22 hours under an argonatmosphere. The reaction mixture was allowed to cool to roomtemperature, and water (20 ml) was added. 6N Hydrochloric acid was addedto allow precipitation of a solid. The precipitated solid was collectedby filtration, and the filtrate was washed with water and dried underreduced pressure. The obtained solid was recrystallized fromdiethylether-n-hexane to give 3-methyl-4-hydroxycinnamic acid (872 mg,yield 84.0%) as crystals.

¹H NMR (DMSO, 400 MHz) δ 9.95 (OH), 7.45 (d, J=15.9 Hz, 1H), 7.42 (s,1H), 7.32 (d, J=8.3 Hz, 1H), 6.79 (d, J=8.3 Hz, 1H), 6.26 (d, J=15.9 Hz,1H), 2.13 (s, 3H).

Serotonin hydrochloride (300 mg, 1.41 mmol) and3-methyl-4-hydroxycinnamic acid (251 mg, 1.41 mmol) obtained above weredissolved in a mixed solvent of dichloromethane (10 ml) andN,N-dimethylformamide (5 ml), and the solution was maintained at 0° C.To this solution were added triethylamine (216 μl, 1.55 mmol),1-hydroxybenzotriazole hydrate (HOBt H₂O, 237 mg, 1.55 mmol), and1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDCI HCl,297 mg, 1.55 mmol), and the mixture was gradually warmed to roomtemperature and stirred at room temperature for 16 hours. The solventwas removed under reduced pressure, water (10 ml) was added to theresidue, and the mixture was extracted twice with ethyl acetate (10 ml).The ethyl acetate layer was washed twice with 5% aqueous citric acidsolution (5 ml), once with saturated brine (5 ml), twice with 5% aqueoussodium hydrogen carbonate solution (5 ml), and once with saturated brine(5 ml), and dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. Magnesium sulfatewas removed by filtration, and the filtrate was concentrated underreduced pressure. The residue was recrystallized from ethylacetate-ethanol-chloroform to giveN-[2-(5-hydroxy-1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl]-3-(3-methyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-propenamide(307 mg, yield 65.0%) as crystals.

Example 18

Methanol (5 ml) was maintained at 0° C., and thionyl chloride (2.4 ml)was added dropwise under an argon atmosphere. To this solution was added5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan (2.0 g), and the mixture was gradually warmedfrom 0° C. to room temperature, and stirred at room temperatureovernight. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure,and the residue was crystallized from a mixed solvent of ethanol andether to give 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan methyl ester hydrochloride (1.8 g,yield 74%) as crystals.

As mentioned above, 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan methyl ester hydrochloride(350 mg, 1.29 mmol) and ferulic acid (251 mg, 1.29 mmol) were dissolvedin a mixed solvent of dichloromethane (6 ml) and N,N-dimethylformamide(6 ml), and the solution was maintained at 0° C. To this solution wereadded triethylamine (198 μl, 1.4 mmol), 1-hydroxybenzotriazole hydrate(HOBt H₂O, 217 mg, 1.4 mmol), and1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide (EDCI HCl, 217 mg, 1.4mmol), the solution temperature was gradually raised from 0° C., and themixture was stirred at room temperature for 16 hours. The solvent wasremoved under reduced pressure, water (20 ml) was added to the residue,and the mixture was extracted twice with ethyl acetate (20 ml). Theethyl acetate layer was washed twice with 5% aqueous citric acidsolution (5 ml), once with saturated brine (5 ml), twice with 5% aqueoussodium hydrogen carbonate solution (5 ml), and once with saturated brine(5 ml), and dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. Magnesium sulfatewas removed by filtration, and the filtrate was concentrated underreduced pressure, and purified by silica gel column chromatography(eluent: chloroform:methanol=3:1) to give3-(3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenyl)-N-[2-(5-hydroxy-1H-indol-3-yl)-1-methoxycarbonylethyl]-2-propenamide(413 mg, yield 78.0%) as a powder.

Example 20

3-(3-Methoxy-4-hydroxyphenyl)-N-[2-(5-hydroxy-1H-indol-3-yl)-1-methoxycarbonylethyl]-2-propenamidesynthesized from 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan methyl ester hydrochloride (704mg, 2.6 mmol) in the same manner as in Example 18 was dissolved in amixed solvent of water (11.8 ml), 2.5N NaOH aqueous solution (11.8 ml),and N,N-dimethylformamide (23.6 ml) without purification, and themixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. The reaction solventwas concentrated under reduced pressure, cooled to 0° C., and adjustedwith 6N aqueous HCl solution to pH 1 to 2. The solution was extractedthree times with ethyl acetate (30 ml), and the organic layer was washedwith 3N HCl (20 ml) and dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate.Magnesium sulfate was removed by filtration, and the filtrate wasconcentrated under reduced pressure, and purified by preparativethin-layer chromatography (PTLC, eluent: chloroform:methanol=3:1) togive3-(3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenyl)-N-[2-(5-hydroxy-1H-indol-3-yl)-1-hydroxycarbonylethyl]-2-propenamide(147 mg, yield 15.4%) as a powder.

Example 35

Serotonin hydrochloride (430 mg, 2 mmol) and 2,6-dihydroxybenzoic acid(312 mg, 2 mmol) were dissolved in N,N-dimethylformamide (25 ml), andthe solution temperature was maintained at 0° C. To this solution wereadded triethylamine (310 μl, 2.1 mmol), 1-hydroxybenzotriazole hydrate(HOBt H₂O, 346 mg, 2.1 mmol), and1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide (EDCI HCl, 429 mg, 2.1mmol), the solution temperature was gradually warmed from 0° C. to roomtemperature, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 16hours. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure, water (20 ml) wasadded to the residue, and the mixture was extracted twice with ethylacetate (20 ml). The ethyl acetate layer was washed twice with 5%aqueous citric acid solution (5 ml), once with saturated brine (5 ml),twice with 5% aqueous sodium hydrogen carbonate solution (5 ml), andonce with saturated brine (5 ml), and dried over anhydrous magnesiumsulfate. Magnesium sulfate was removed by filtration, and the filtratewas concentrated under reduced pressure, purified by preparativethin-layer chromatography (PTLC, eluent: ethyl acetate:hexane=3:1) togive 2,6-dihydroxy-N-[2-(5-hydroxy-1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl]-benzamide (93mg, yield 14.9%) as a powder.

The compounds of other Examples, which are shown in the following Table1, were also synthesized in the same manner as in Examples 1, 4, 17, 18,20 and 35. In addition, compounds having a carboxyl group were obtainedby alkaline hydrolysis of the ester bond of the correspondingmethoxycarbonyl group. The compounds of Reference Examples 1 and 2,which are shown in the following Table 1, were also synthesized in thesame manner as in Examples 1, 4, 17, 18, 20 and 35.

TABLE 1 Prod. Ex. structural formula property, yield Ex. 1

¹H NMR (DMSO, 400 MHz) δ 10.49 (NH), 8.59 (OH), 8.20 (NH), 7.56 (d, J =6.9, 2H), 7.4 (m, 4H), 7.12 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 1H), 7.06 (d, J = 2.1 Hz,1H), 6.85 (d, J = 2.1 Hz, 1H), 6.64 (d, J = 15.8 Hz, 1H), 6.59 (dd, J =8.6, 2.2 Hz, 1H), 3.44 (m, 2H), 7.42 (t, J = 7.4 Hz, 2H). ESI-MS: [M −H]⁻ = 305.0. yield: 50.0%. Ex. 2

¹H NMR (DMSO, 400 MHz) δ 10.48 (NH), 8.11 (NH), 7.50 (d, J = 8.8 Hz, 2H)7.36 (d, J = 15.7 Hz, 1H), 7.12 (d, J = 8.8 Hz, 1H), 7.06 (s, 1H), 6.97(d, J = 8.8 Hz, 1H), 6.85 (d, J = 2.3 Hz, 1H), 6.60 (dd, J = 2.3, 8.8Hz, 1H), 6.48 (d, J = 2.3 Hz, 1H), 3.79 (s, 3H), 3.43 (m, 2H), 2.79 (t,J = 7.6 Hz, 2H). ESI-MS: [M − H]⁻ = 335.3. yield: 88.0%. Ex. 3

¹H NMR (DMSO, 400 MHz) δ 10.50 (NH), 8.12 (NH), 7.24 (d, J = 15.6 Hz,1H), 7.13 (d, J = 8.8 Hz, 1H), 7.05 (s, 1H), 6.94 (s, 1H), 6.85 (s, 1H),6.83 (d, J = 8 Hz, 1H), 6.74 (d, J = 8 Hz, 1H), 6.59 (dd, J = 2.3, 8.8Hz, 1H), 6.33 (d, J = 15.6 Hz, 1H), 3.30 (s, 3H), 3.25 (m, 2H), 2.78 (t,J = 7.6 Hz, 2H). ESI-MS: [M − H]⁻ = 351.2. yield: 27.0%. Ex. 4

¹H NMR (DMSO, 400 MHz) δ 10.48 (NH), 9.88 (OH), 9.65 (OH), 8.58 (OH),8.00 (NH), 7.54 (d, J = 15.8 Hz, 1H), 7.22 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 1H), 7.12 (d,J = 8.6 Hz, 1H), 7.05 (d, J = 2.3 Hz, 1H), 6.85 (d, J = 2.3 Hz, 1H),6.59 (dd, J = 2.3, 8.6 Hz, 1H), 6.45 (d, J = 15.8 Hz, 1H), 6.34 (d, J =2.3 Hz, 1H), 6.25 (dd, J = 2.3, 6.8 Hz, 1H), 3.43 (m, 2H), 2.78 (t, J =7.4 Hz, 2H). ESI-MS: [M − H]⁻ = 351.2. yield: 51.0%. Ex. 5

¹H NMR (DMSO, 400 MHz) δ 10.48 (d, J = 2.1 Hz, 1H, NH), 8.59 (OH), 8.07(NH), 7.34 (d, J = 15.7 Hz, 1H), 7.14 (d, J = 1.6 Hz, 1H), 7.12 (d, J =8.7 Hz, 1H), 7.07 (m, 2H) [7.07 (dd, J = 8.0, 1.6 Hz, 1H), 7.05 (s,1H)], 6.94 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H), 6.84 (d, J = 2.3 Hz, 1H), 6.59 (dd, J =8.6, 2.3 Hz, 1H), 6.47 (d, J = 15.7 Hz, 1H), 6.07 (s, 2H), 3.43 (m, 2H),2.77 (t, J = 7.4 Hz, 2H). ESI MS: [M − H]⁻ = 337.3. (methylene moietywas dissociated, observed as 3.4- OH.) yield: 68.0%. Ref. Ex. 1

¹H NMR (DMSO, 400 MHz) δ 10.48 (NH), 8.07 (NH, amide), 7.24 (d, J = 15.6Hz, 1H), 7.12 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 1H), 7.05 (s, 1H), 6.94 (d, J = 2.0 Hz,1H), 6.84 (d, J = 2.0 Hz, 1H), 6.82 (d, J = 2.0 Hz, 1H), 6.74 (d, J =8.1 Hz, 1H), 6.59 (dd, J = 8.6, 2.3 Hz, 1H), 6.33 (d, J = 15.6 Hz, 1H),3.44 (m, 2H), 2.78 (m, 2H). ESI-MS: [M + H]⁺ = 339.1, [M + Na]⁺ = 361.0,[M − H]⁻ = 337.2, [2M − H]⁻ = 675.2. yield: 54.0%. Ex. 6

¹H NMR (DMSO, 400 MHz) δ 10.46 (NH), 9.00 (OH), 8.61 (OH), 7.88 (t, J =5.6 Hz, 1H, NH), 7.11 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 1H), 7.00 (d, J = 2.3 Hz, 1H),6.98 (m, 2H), 6.82 (d, J = 2.3 Hz, 1H), 6.65 (m, 1H), 6.58 (dd, J = 8.6,2.3 Hz, 1H), 3.25 (m, 2H), 2.69 (m, 4H), 2.32 (m, 2H). ESI-MS: [M + H]⁺= 325.1, [M + Na]⁺ = 347.2, [M − H]⁻ = 323.2. yield: 63.0%. Ex. 7

¹H NMR (DMSO, 400 MHz) δ 10.46 (NH), 8.59 (OH, 2H), 7.89 (NH), 7.11 (d,J = 8.6 Hz, 1H), 7.01 (d, J = 2.3 Hz, 1H), 6.82 (d, J = 2.3 Hz, 1H),6.76 (d, J = 1.9 Hz, 1H), 6.65 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H), 6.58 (dd, J = 8.6,2.3 Hz, 1H), 6.57 (dd, J = 8.0, 2.3 Hz, 1H), 3.74 (s, 3H), 3.28 (m, 2H),2.32 (m, 2H), 2.69 (m, 4H). ESI-MS: [M + Na]⁺ = 377.1, [M − H]⁻ = 353.3.yield: 80.0%. Ex. 8

¹H NMR (DMSO, 400 MHz) δ 10.48 (NH), 8.76 (OH), 8.59 (OH), 8.02 (NH),7.34 (d, J = 15.6 Hz, 1H), 7.12 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 1H), 7.06 (d, J = 2.3Hz, 1H), 6.85 (s, 3H), 6.59 (dd, J = 8.6, 2.3 Hz, 1H), 6.48 (d, J = 15.6Hz, 1H), 3.80 (s, 3H), 3.43 (td, J = 7.4, 7.4 Hz, 2H), 3.32 (s, 3H),2.78 (t, J = 7.4 Hz, 2H). ESI-MS: [M + Na]⁺ = 405.1, [M − H]⁻ = 381.2.yield: 77.0%. Ex. 9

¹H NMR (DMSO, 400 MHz) δ 10.47 (NH), 8.74 (OH), 8.57 (OH), 7.97 (NH),7.11 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 1H), 7.00 (d, J = 2.2 Hz, 1H), 6.82 (m, 2H), 6.68(d, J = 8 Hz, 1H), 6.62 (dd, J = 8, 1.8 Hz, 1H), 6.58 (dd, J = 8.6, 2.2Hz, 1H), 3.73 (s, 3H), 3.28 (m, 4H), 2.71 (t, J = 7.4 Hz, 2H). ESI-MS:[M + H]⁺ = 341.2, [M + Na]⁺ = 363.1, [2M − H]⁻ = 339.2, [2M − H]⁻ =679.3. yield: 56.0%. Ex. 10

¹H NMR (DMSO, 400 MHz) δ 10.64 (NH), 9.41 (OH), 8.05 (NH), 7.34 (d, J =15.7 Hz, 1H), 7.22 (d, J = 8.7 Hz, 1H), 7.13 (m, 2H), 7.05 (d, J = 2.3Hz, 1H), 7.00 (dd, J = 1.8, 2.3 Hz, 1H), 6.79 (d, J = 8.1 Hz, 1H), 6.71(dd, J = 2.4, 8.2 Hz, 1H), 6.46 (d, J = 15.7 Hz, 1H), 3.81 (s, 3H), 3.76(s, 3H), 3.46 (m, 2H), 2.85 (t, J = 7.2 Hz, 2H). ESI-MS: [M + Na]⁺ =389.2, [M − H]⁻ = 365.2. yield: 80.0%. Ex. 11

¹H NMR (DMSO, 400 MHz) δ 10.46 (1H), 8.07 (1H), 7.38 (d, J = 8.6 Hz,2H), 7.32 (d, J = 15.7 Hz, 2H), 7.22 (d, J = 8.7 Hz, 1H), 7.11 (d, J =2.4 Hz, 1H), 7.04 (d, J = 2.4 Hz, 1H), 6.78 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 2H), 6.71(dd, J = 8.7, 2.4 Hz, 2H), 6.40 (d, J = 15.7 Hz, 2H), 3.75 (s, 3H), 3.43(m, 2H), 2.84 (t J = 7.3 Hz, 2H). ESI-MS: [M + Na]⁺ = 359.2, [M − H]⁻ =335.3, [2M − H]⁻ = 671.4. yield: 90.0%. Ex. 12

¹H NMR (DMSO, 400 MHz) δ 10.81 (1H), 8.05 (1H), 7.55 (d, J = 7.9 Hz,1H), 7.34 (d, J = 7.9 Hz, 1H), 7.33 (d, J = 15.8 Hz, 1H), 7.17 (d, J =2.3 Hz, 1H), 7.11 (d, J = 1.9 Hz, 1H), 7.08 (m, 1H), 7.00 (m, 2H), 6.78(d, J = 8.1 Hz, 1H), 6.43 (d, J = 15.7 Hz, 1H), 3.82 (s, 3H), 3.45 (m,2H), 2.87 (t, J = 7.4 Hz, 2H). ESI-MS: [M + Na]⁺ = 359.2, [M − H]⁻ =335.3. yield: 64.0%. Ex. 13

¹H NMR (DMSO, 400 MHz) δ 10.81 (NH), 9.82 (OH), 8.01 (NH), 7.55 (d, J =7.8 Hz, 1H), 7.38 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 2H), 7.33 (d, J = 15.7 Hz, 1H), 7.34(d, J = 7.1 Hz, 1H), 7.16 (d, J = 2.2 Hz, 1H), 7.06 (t, J = 7.1 Hz, 1H),6.98 (t, J = 7.1 Hz, 1H), 6.79 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 1H), 6.41 (d, J = 15.7Hz, 1H), 3.45 (m, 2H), 2.88 (t, J = 7.3 Hz, 2H). ESI-MS: [M + Na]⁺ =329.2, [M − H]⁻ = 305.2, [2M − H]⁻ = 611.3. yield: 73.0%. Ex. 14

¹H NMR (DMSO, 400 MHz) δ 10.48 (NH), 9.32 (NH), 8.58 (OH), 8.02 (OH),7.30 (d, J = 15.7 Hz, 1H), 7.12 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 1H), 7.10 (d, J = 1.8Hz, 1H), 7.06 (d, J = 2.2 Hz, 1H), 6.98 (dd, J = 1.8, 8.2 Hz, 1H), 6.85(d, J = 2.2 Hz, 1H), 6.80 (d, J = 8.2 Hz, 1H), 6.59 (dd, J = 8.6, 2.2Hz, 1H), 6.43 (d, J = 15.7 Hz, 1H), 4.05 (q, J = 7.0 Hz, 2H), 3.43 (m,1H), 2.78 (m, 1H), 1.35 (t, J = 7.0 Hz, 3H). ESI-MS: [M + Na]⁺ = 389.2,[M − H]⁻ = 365.2. yield: 79.0%. Ex. 15

¹H NMR (DMSO, 400 MHz) δ 10.5 (NH), 8.08 (NH), 7.15 (d, J = 15.6 Hz,1H), 7.12 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 1H), 7.05 (s, 1H), 6.85 (d, J = 2.1 Hz, 1H),6.59 (dd, J = 2.3, 8.5 Hz, 1H), 6.48 (s, 2H), 6.28 (d, J = 15.6 Hz, 1H),3.35 (m, 2H), 2.77 (m, 2H). ESI-MS: [M − H]⁻ = 353.3. yield: 43.0%. Ex.16

¹H NMR (DMSO, 400 MHz) δ 10.49 (NH), 9.39 (OH, 2H), 8.65 (OH), 8.19(NH), 7.21 (d, J = 15.7 Hz, 1H), 7.12 (d, J = 8.7 Hz, 1H), 7.05 (d, J =2.3 Hz, 1H), 6.85 (d, J = 2.3 Hz, 1H), 6.60 (dd, J = 2.3, 8.7 Hz, 1H),6.45 (d, J = 15.7 Hz, 1H), 6.38 (d, J = 2.1 Hz, 2H), 6.23 (t, J = 2.12Hz, 1H), 3.43 (m, 2H), 2.78 (t, J = 7.5 Hz, 2H). ESI-MS: [M − H]⁻ =337.2. yield: 72.0%. Ex. 17

¹H NMR (DMSO, 400 MHz) δ 10.48 (NH), 8.61 (OH), 8.02 (NH), 7.29 (d, J =15.7 Hz, 1H), 7.27 (s, 1H), 7.20 (dd, J = 2.0, 8.3 Hz, 1H), 7.12 (d, J =8.6 Hz, 1H), 7.05 (d, J = 2.3 Hz, 1H), 6.85 (d, J = 2.2 Hz, 1H), 6.79(d, J = 8.3 Hz, 1H), 6.59 (dd, J = 2.3, 8.6 Hz, 1H), 6.40 (d, J = 15.7Hz, 1H), 3.43 (m, 2H), 2.75 (t, J = 7.6 Hz, 2H). ESI-MS: [M − H]⁻ =335.0. yield: 65.0%. Ex. 18

¹H NMR (DMSO, 400 MHz) δ 10.54, 9.48, 8.62, 8.30 (NH, OH, 4H), 7.29 (d,J = 15.6 Hz, 1H), 7.12 (d, J = 8.12, 1H), 7.11 (s, 1H), 7.06 (d, J = 2.4Hz, 1H), 6.98 (d, J = 8.16 Hz, 1H), 6.81 (d, J = 2.2 Hz, 1H), 6.78 (d, J= 8.12 Hz, 1H), 6.58 (dd, J = 2.2, 8.16 Hz, 1H), 6.53 (d, J = 15.6 Hz,1H), 4.16 (m, 1H), 3.81 (s, 3H), 3.62 (s, 3H), 3.05 (m, 1H). ESI-MS:[M + Na]⁺ = 433.3, [M − H]⁻ = 409.2. yield: 78.0%. Ex. 19

¹H NMR (DMSO, 400 MHz) δ 10.54 (s, NH), 9.8 (brs, OH), 8.62 (brs, OH),8.34 (d, J = 7.5 Hz, NH), 7.38 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 2H), 7.30 (d, J = 15.7Hz, 1H), 7.12 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 1H), 7.05 (d, J = 2.4 Hz, 1H), 6.81 (d, J= 2.4 Hz, 1H), 6.78 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 2H), 6.59 (dd, J = 2.3, 8.6 Hz, 1H),6.48 (d, J = 15.7 Hz, 1H), 4.60 (m, 1H), 3.62 (s, 3H), 3.00 (m, 2H).ESI-MS: [M − H]⁻ = 379.2. yield: 74.0%. Ex. 20

¹H NMR (DMSO, 400 MHz) δ 10.51 (NH), 9.44 (OH), 8.63 (OH), 8.17 (NH),7.29 (d, J = 15.7 Hz, 1H), 7.12 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 1H), 7.11 (d, J = 1.9Hz, 1H), 7.06 (d, J = 2.3 Hz, 1H), 6.98 (dd, J = 8.2, 1.9 Hz, 2H), 6.87(d, J = 2.2 Hz, 1H), 6.79 (d, J = 8.2 Hz, 1H), 6.59 (dd, J = 8.6, 2.3Hz, 1H), 6.55 (d, J = 15.7 Hz, 1H), 4.58 (m, 1H), 3.00 (m, 2H). ESI-MS:[M + H]⁺ = 397.0, [M − H]⁻ = 395.0. yield: 15.0%. Ex. 21

¹H NMR (DMSO, 400 MHz) δ 10.50 (NH), 9.83 (OH), 8.60 (OH), 8.17 (NH),7.37 (d, J = 8.7 Hz, 2H), 7.28 (d, J = 15.7 Hz, 1H), 7.11 (d, J = 8.6Hz, 1H), 7.04 (d, J = 2.2 Hz, 1H), 6.86 (d, J = 2.2 Hz, 1H), 6.78 (d, J= 8.7 Hz, 2H), 6.58 (dd, J = 8.7, 2.2 Hz, 1H), 6.50 (d, J = 15.7 Hz,1H), 4.55 (m, 1H), 2.99 (m, 2H). ESI-MS: [M − H]⁻ = 365.0. yield: 22.0%.Ex. 22

¹H NMR (DMSO, 400 MHz) δ 7.91, 7.87 (d, 1H), 7.79, 7.76 (d, 1H),7.19-6.36 (m, 6H), 3.60, 3.58, 3.56 (t, 2H), 2.96, 2.94, 2.92 (t, 2H).ESI-MS: [M − H]⁻ = 353.0. yield: 8.7%. Ex. 23

¹H NMR (MeOH-d, 400 MHz) δ 7.84, 7.80 (d, J = 16 Hz, 1H), 7.19, 7.17 (d,J = 9 Hz 1H), 7.05 (s, 1H), 6.98 (s, 1H), 6.91 (s, 1H), 6.69 (s, 2H),6.65, 6.61 (d, J = 16 Hz, 1H), 3.59 (t, 1H), 2.95 (t, 1H). ESI-MS: [M +H]⁺ = 339.2, [M − H]⁻ = 337.8. yield: 18.3%. Ex. 24

¹H NMR (DMSO, 400 MHz) δ 9.83 (s, 1H), 8.04, 8.02, 8.01 (t, 1H), 7.39,7.37 (d, 2H), 7.33, 7.29 (d, 1H), 7.15, 7.13 (d, 2H), 6.87, 6.85 (d,2H), 6.80, 6.78 (d, 2H), 6.41, 6.37 (d, 1H), 3.72 (s, 3H), 2.72, 2.70,2.68 (2H, t). ESI-MS [M + H]⁺ = 298.2, [M − H]⁻ = 296.0. yield: 82.4%.Ex. 25

¹H NMR (DMSO, 400 MHz) δ 9.83 (s, 1H), 8.03, 8.01, 8.00 (t, 1H), 7.39,7.37 (d, 2H), 7.34, 7.30 (d, 1H), 6.87, 6.85 (d, 1H), 6.83, 6.82 (d,1H), 6.80, 6.78 (d, 2H), 6.74, 6.72 (d, 1H), 6.42, 6.39 (d, 1H), 3.74(s, 3H), 3.71 (s, 3H), 2.72, 2.70, 2.68 (t, 2H). ESI-MS: [M + H]⁺ =328.2, [M − H]⁻ = 325.9. yield: 82.1%. Ex. 26

¹H NMR (DMSO, 400 MHz) δ 9.82 (s, 1H), 8.70 (s, 1H), 8.01, 8.00, 7.98(t, 1H), 7.39, 7.37 (d, 2H), 7.33, 7.29 (d, 1H), 6.80, 6.78 (d, 3H),6.69, 6.67 (d, 1H), 6.61, 6.59 (d, 1H), 6.43, 6.39 (d, 1H), 3.75 (s,3H), 2.68, 2.66, 2.64 (t, 2H). ESI-MS: [M + H]⁺ = 314.0, [M − H]⁻ =312.0. yield: 85.9%. Ex. 27

¹H NMR (DMSO, 400 MHz) δ 9.81 (s, 1H), 9.17 (s, 1H), 8.02, 8.00, 7.99(t, 1H), 7.39, 7.37 (d, 2H), 7.33, 7.29 (d, 1H), 7.02, 7.00 (d, 2H),6.80, 6.76 (d, 2H), 6.69, 6.67 (d, 2H), 6.41, 6.37 (d, 1H), 2.66, 2.64,2.62 (t, 2H). ESI-MS: [M + H]⁺ = 284.0, [M − H]⁻ = 282.1. yield: 83.1%.Ex. 28

¹H NMR (DMSO, 400 MHz) δ 9.82 (s, 1H), 8.84 (s, 1H), 8.35, 8.34, 8.33(t, 1H), 7.40, 7.38 (d, 2H), 6.86 (s, 1H), 6.80, 6.78 (d, 2H), 6.71 (s,1H), 6.69 (s, 1H), 6.48, 6.44 (d, 1H), 4.28, 4.26 (d, 2H), 3.75 (s, 3H).ESI-MS: [M + H]⁺ = 300.0, [M − H]⁻ = 298.0. yield: 61.7%. Ex. 29

¹H NMR (DMSO, 400 MHz) δ 9.83 (s, 1H), 8.92 (s, 1H), 8.37, 8.36, 8.34(t, 1H), 7.40, 7.38 (d, 2H), 6.86, 6.84 (d, 1H), 6.80, 6.78 (d, 2H),6.72 (s, 1H), 6.67, 6.65 (d, 1H), 6.48, 6.44 (d, 1H), 4.24, 4.23 (d,2H), 3.73 (s, 3H). ESI-MS: [M + H]⁺ = 300.0, [M − H]⁻ = 298.3. yield:81.8%. Ex. 30

¹H NMR (DMSO, 400 MHz) δ 10.80 (s, 1H), 9.88 (s, 1H), 9.65 (s, 1H),8.03, 8.02, 8.00 (t, 1H), 7.57 (s, 1H), 7.55, 7.53 (d, 1H), 7.35, 7.33(d, 1H), 7.24, 7.22 (d, 1H), 7.16, 7.15 (d, 1H), 7.09-7.05 (m, 1H),7.00-6.96 (m, 1H), 6.47, 6.43 (d, 1H), 6.35 (s, 1H), 6.27, 6.25 (d, 1H),3.47, 3.46, 3.44, 3.42 (q, 2H), 2.89, 2.87, 2.85 (t, 2H). ESI-MS: [M +H]⁺ = 323.2, [M − H]⁻ = 320.9. yield: 12.7%. Ex. 31

¹H NMR (DMSO, 400 MHz) δ 10.81 (s, 1H), 9.73 (s, 1H), 8.06, 8.05, 8.04(t, 1H), 7.57, 7.55 (d, 1H), 7.33, 7.32 (d, 2H), 7.28 (s, 1H), 7.21,7.19 (d, 1H), 7.17, 7.16 (d, 1H), 7.09, 7.07, 7.05 (t, 1H), 7.00, 6.98,6.96 (t, 1H), 6.92, 6.88 (d, 1H), 6.42, 6.38 (d, 1H), 3.48, 3.47, 3.45,3.43 (q, 2H), 2.89, 2.88, 2.86 (t, 2H). ESI-MS: [M + H]⁺ = 321.2, [M −H]⁻ = 319.0 yield: 47.5%. Ex. 32

¹H NMR (DMSO, 400 MHz) δ 10.51 (s, 1H), 9.14 (s, 1H), 8.94, 8.93, 8.92(t, 1H), 8.61 (s, 1H), 7.30, 7.28 (d, 1H), 7.14, 7.12 (d, 1H), 7.08 (s,1H), 6.92 (s, 1H), 6.90, 6.89 (d, 1H), 6.71, 6.69, 6.68 (t, 1H), 6.61,6.59 (d, 1H), 3.55, 3.54, 3.52, 3.50 (q, 2H), 2.89, 2.87, 2.85 (t, 2H).ESI-MS: [M + H]⁺ = 313.1, [M − H]⁻ = 310.9. yield: 23.0%. Ex. 33

¹H NMR (DMSO, 400 MHz) δ 10.50 (s, 1H), 10.06 (s, 1H), 8.69, 8.68, 8.66(t, 1H), 8.62 (s, 1H), 7.69, 7.67 (d, 1H), 7.14, 7.12 (d, 1H), 7.07 (s,1H), 6.88 (s, 1H), 6.61, 6.59 (d, 1H), 6.30, 6.27 (d, 1H), 6.23 (d, 1H),3.53, 3.51, 3.49, 3.47 (q, 2H), 2.87, 2.85, 2.83 (t, 2H). ESI-MS: [M +H]⁺ = 313.1. [M − H]⁻ = 310.9. yield: 34.3%. Ex. 34

¹H NMR (DMSO, 400 MHz) δ 10.51 (s, 1H), 9.00 (s, 1H), 8.82 (s, 1H), 8.62(s, 1H), 7.24, 7.23 (d, 1H), 7.13, 7.12 (d, 1H), 7.08, 7.07 (d, 1H),6.86, 6.84 (d, 1H), 6.74, 6.71 (d, 1H), 6.61, 6.59 (d, 1H), 3.55, 3.53,3.51, 3.50 (q, 2H), 2.87, 2.86, 2.84 (t, 2H). ESI-MS: [M + H]⁺ = 313.1,[M − H]⁻ = 310.8. yield: 30.1%. Ex. 35

¹H NMR (DMSO, 400 MHz) δ 10.54 (s, 1H), 9.01 (s, 1H), 8.62 (s, 1H), 7.16(s, 1H), 7.14, 7.12 (d, 1H), 7.10, 7.09 (d, 1H), 6.90 (s, 1H), 6.62,6.59 (d, 1H), 6.35, 6.33 (d, 2H), 3.64, 3.62, 3.61, 3.59 (q, 2H), 2.90,2.88, 2.87 (t, 2H). ESI-MS: [M + H]⁺ = 313.1, [M − H]⁻ = 310.9. yield:14.9%. Ref. Ex. 2

¹H NMR (DMSO, 400 MHz) δ 10.47 (s, 1H), 9.43 (s, 1H), 9.09 (s, 1H), 8.61(s, 1H), 8.27, 8.25, 8.24 (t, 1H), 7.29 (s, 1H), 7.20, 7.18 (d, 1H),7.13, 7.11 (s, 1H), 7.05 (s, 1H), 6.88 (s, 1H), 6.76, 6.74 (d, 1H),6.60, 6.58 (d, 1H), 3.48, 3.46, 3.44, 3.42 (q, 2H), 2.83, 2.81, 2.79 (t,2H). ESI-MS: [M + H]⁺ = 313.1, [M − H]⁻ = 310.9. yield: 32.6%. Ex. 36

¹H NMR (DMSO, 400 MHz) δ 10.48 (s, 1H), 9.44, 9.43 (s, 1H), 8.60 (s,1H), 8.36, 8.35, 3.34 (t, 1H), 7.13, 7.11 (d, 1H), 7.05 (s, 1H), 6.87(s, 1H), 6.68 (s, 2H), 6.60, 6.58 (d, 1H), 6.35 (s, 1H), 3.47, 3.45,3.43, 3.42 (q, 2H), 2.82, 2.81, 2.79 (t, 2H). ESI-MS: [M + H]⁺ = 313.1,[M − H]⁻ = 310.8. yield: 60.5%.

Experimental Example 1 Melanin Production Suppression Test

B16 melanom (purchased from Dainippon Sumitomo Pharma Co., Ltd.) wascultured in DMEM (Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium, high glucose,containing 10% serum). After confluent, the cells were trypsinized andseeded in a 96-well plate. On the following day, after adhesion of thecells to the plate, the medium was replaced with DMEM containing eachevaluation sample (control (no sample addition), sample of eachProduction Example) at a given evaluation concentration (diluted from100 μm according to sample), and the cells were incubated for 3 days.The 96-well plate was shaken in a plateshaker for 5 minutes, theabsorbance at 450 nm was measured by a microplatereader (Benchmarkmicroplatereader, manufactured by BIORAD), and the amount of melanin inthe medium in each well was compared. The absorbance at 3 days afteraddition of a given concentration of each sample was shown in relativepercentage based on the measurement value (absorbance) of control (nosample addition) as 100%. As Comparative Example, a similar test wasperformed using kojic acid (KoA), 4-hexylresorcinol,CS(N-(p-coumaroyl)serotonin orN-[2-(5-hydroxy-1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl]-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-propenamide)and FS(N-feruloylcoumaroylserotonin orN-[2-(5-hydroxy-1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl]-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl-2-propenamide).The results are shown in FIGS. 1 to 5. The concentration necessary forsuppressing production of melanin in each sample by 50%, based on theamount of melanin in the control as 100%, was calculated as 50% melaninproduction-suppressive concentration IC₅₀ (μM). The results are shown inTable 2. As a result, all the compounds of the present invention showeda tendency toward suppression of the amount of melanin. Hence, thecompounds of the present invention were shown to be useful as awhitening agent.

Kojic acid (KoA) used was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Japan K. K.,4-n-hexylresorcinol used was purchased from TOKYO CHEMICAL INDUSTRY CO.,LTD., and CS and FS used were synthesized by Ajinomoto Co., Inc.

TABLE 2 sample IC₅₀ (μM) kojic acid 315.0 CS 28.5 FS 42.44-hexylresorcinol 23.5 compound of Example 4 10.7 compound of Example 1321.5 compound of Example 17 14.6 compound of Example 24 33.3 compound ofExample 30 17.1 compound of Reference Example 2 1.9 compound of Example36 22.4

Experimental example 2 Cytotoxicity Test (Neutral Red Assay)

After measurement of the absorbance in the melanin productionsuppression test of Experimental Example 1, the evaluation samplesolution was removed from the plate, and each well was rinsed with DMEM(200 μl, high glucose, containing 10% serum). A medium containing NR(neutral red) was added to each well at 200 μl/well, and the plate wasleft standing for 2 hours at 37° C., 5% CO₂ under a saturated vapor. Themedium was removed, and a washing fixative solution (mixture of equalamounts of 2 wt % calcium chloride solution and 2 wt % formalinsolution) was added at 200 μl/well. After 1 minute, the washing fixativesolution was removed. An NR extract (acetic acid-ethanol, 200 μl/well)was added, and the mixture was shaken in a plateshaker for 15 minutes.NR uptake by viable cells was examined by measuring the absorbance ofthe NR extract at 540 nm by a microplatereader (Benchmarkmicroplatereader, manufactured by BIORAD). The cytotoxicity of eachsample was calculated as a relative percentage of the absorbance of NRextract of the cells added with a given concentration of each sample tothe measurement value (absorbance) of a control NR extract (no sample)as 100%.

As a result, the compounds of Example 32 and Example 33 showedcytotoxicity; however, the compounds of other Examples did not showcytotoxicity. Therefore, it has been demonstrated that the compound ofthe present invention is promising as a starting material for whiteningcosmetics.

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY

The present invention provides a compound having a melanin productionsuppressive activity, which is useful as a starting material forwhitening cosmetics.

Where a numerical limit or range is stated herein, the endpoints areincluded. Also, all values and subranges within a numerical limit orrange are specifically included as if explicitly written out.

Obviously, numerous modifications and variations of the presentinvention are possible in light of the above teachings. It is thereforeto be understood that, within the scope of the appended claims, theinvention may be practiced otherwise than as specifically describedherein.

All patents and other references mentioned above are incorporated infull herein by this reference, the same as if set forth at length.

1. A compound represented by formula (V):

wherein: R₁, R₂, R₃, R₄, and R₅ are each independently a hydrogen atom,an alkyl group having a carbon number of 1 to 3, a hydroxyl group or analkoxy group having a carbon number of 1 to 3, or R₁ and R₂, or R₂ andR₃ in combination optionally form a methylenedioxy group, and at leastone of R₁, R₂, R₃, R₄ and R₅ is a hydroxyl group; R₆ is a hydroxyl groupand R₇ is a hydrogen atom; Z is a hydrogen atom; or a salt thereof,provided that the following compound and salts thereof are excluded: acompound wherein, when R₁, R₂, and R₅ are hydrogen atoms, then: R₃ andR₄ are hydroxyl groups, or R₃ is a hydroxyl group and R₄ is a methoxygroup, or R₃ and R₄ are hydrogen atoms, or R₃ is a methoxy group and R₄is a hydrogen atom.
 2. A compound according to claim 1, which isrepresented by any of formulae (32), (33), (34), (35), or (36):

or a salt thereof.
 3. A whitening agent, comprising a compound accordingto claim 1, or a salt thereof.
 4. A whitening agent, comprising acompound according to claim 2, or a salt thereof.
 5. A method ofwhitening skin, comprising applying a whitening agent according to claim3 to the skin.
 6. A method of whitening skin, comprising applying awhitening agent according to claim 4 to the skin.
 7. A method ofwhitening skin, comprising applying to the skin a whitening agentcomprising a compound represented by formula (V):

wherein: R₁, R₂, R₃, R₄, R₅, R₆ and R₇ are each independently a hydrogenatom, an alkyl group having a carbon number of 1 to 3, a hydroxyl groupor an alkoxy group having a carbon number of 1 to 3, or R₁ and R₂, or R₂and R₃ in combination optionally form a methylenedioxy group, providedthat at least one of R₁, R₂, R₃, R₄ and R₅ is a hydroxyl group; Z is ahydrogen atom; or a salt thereof, provided that the following compoundand salts thereof are excluded: a compound wherein, when R₁, R₂, R₅ andR₇ are hydrogen atoms, and R₆ is a hydroxyl group, then: R₃ and R₄ arehydroxyl groups, or R₃ is a hydroxyl group and R₄ is a methoxy group, orR₃ and R₄ are hydrogen atoms, or R₃ is a methoxy group and R₄ is ahydrogen atom.
 8. A compound represented by formula (IV):

wherein: R₁, R₂, R₄, and R₅ are each independently a hydrogen atom, analkyl group having a carbon number of 1 to 3, a hydroxyl group or analkoxy group having a carbon number of 1 to 3, or R₁ and R₂ incombination optionally form a methylenedioxy group; R₃ is a hydroxylgroup; R₆ is a hydroxyl group; R₇ is a hydrogen atom; X is a methylenegroup, an ethylene group, or a vinylene group; Z is a hydrogen atom; ora salt thereof, provided that the following compound and salts thereofare excluded: a compound wherein, when X is a vinylene group, and R₁,R₂, and R₅ are hydrogen atoms, then R₄ is a hydrogen atom, a methoxygroup, or a hydroxyl group.
 9. A compound according to claim 8, which isrepresented by any of formulae (4), (6), (7), (8), (9), (14), (15),(17), (22), or (23):

or a salt thereof.
 10. A compound which is represented by any offormulae (5), (10), (16), (18), (19), (20), or (21):

or a salt thereof.
 11. A whitening agent, comprising a compoundaccording to claim 8, or a salt thereof.
 12. A whitening agent,comprising a compound according to claim 9, or a salt thereof.
 13. Awhitening agent, comprising a compound according to claim 10, or a saltthereof.
 14. A method of whitening skin, comprising applying a whiteningagent of claim 11 to the skin.
 15. A method of whitening skin,comprising applying a whitening agent of claim 12 to the skin.
 16. Amethod of whitening skin, comprising applying a whitening agent of claim13 to the skin.
 17. A method of whitening skin, comprising applying tothe skin a whitening agent, comprising a compound represented by formula(I′):

wherein: R₁, R₂, R₃, R₄ and R₅ are each independently a hydrogen atom,an alkyl group having a carbon number of 1 to 3, a hydroxyl group or analkoxy group having a carbon number of 1 to 3, or R₁ and R₂, or R₂ andR₃ in combination optionally form a methylenedioxy group, and at leastone of R₁, R₂, R₃, R₄ and R₅ is a hydroxyl group; X is a methylenegroup, an ethylene group, or a vinylene group; Y is a divalent grouprepresented by formula:

Z is a hydrogen atom, a hydroxycarbonyl group or an alkoxycarbonyl grouphaving a carbon number of 1 to 3, and when Z is other than a hydrogenatom and a carbon atom bonded to Z contains an asymmetric center, thestereochemistry thereof may be any of (S), (R) and (SR); Ar is asubstituent represented by formula (II):

wherein: R₆ and R₇ are each independently a hydrogen atom, an alkylgroup having a carbon number of 1 to 3, a hydroxyl group or an alkoxygroup having a carbon number of 1 to 3, and * is a moiety bonded to Y;provided that the following compounds and salts thereof are excluded:(1) a compound wherein, when X is a vinylene group, Y is an ethylenegroup, R₁, R₂, R₅ and R₇ are hydrogen atoms, and R₆ is a hydroxyl group,then R₃ is a hydroxyl group and R₄ is a hydrogen atom, or R₃ is ahydroxyl group and R₄ is a methoxy group, or R₃ and R₄ are hydroxylgroups; and (2) a compound wherein, when X is a vinylene group, Y is anethylene group, and R₁, R₂, R₅, R₆ and R₇ are hydrogen atoms, then R₃and R₄ are hydroxyl groups.
 18. A method of claim 17, wherein saidcompound represented by the formula (I′) is a compound represented byany of formulae (12), (13), (30), or (31):


19. A compound represented by any of formulae (25), (26), (27), (28), or(29):

or a salt thereof.
 20. A whitening agent, comprising a compoundaccording to claim 19, or a salt thereof.
 21. A method of whiteningskin, comprising applying a whitening agent according to claim 20 to theskin.
 22. A method of whitening skin, comprising applying to the skin awhitening agent, comprising a compound represented by formula (24):

a salt thereof.